Photography.



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No. 8123748. PATENTED FEB. 13, 1906. J. w. IPPERS.

PHOTOGRAPHY,

APPLIGATION FILED SEPT. 9, 1905.

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Inve utarspeci cation. This invention comprises a photographie whatever l'ght may strike it, and which i zen of the United. States,

UNITED s'rAfrns .PATENT- oFFIoE.

JOHN/NV. IPPERs, OF YORK, N.. Y., Ass'IGNon To 1giLBERT HENRY' h WALKER, TRUSTEE,v OF NEW YORK, N; Y. p

' PHOTOGRAPHY;

v Patented Feb. is, 1906.-

'lfppucmon and september 9,1905. semi No. maste.

To aJ/l who'm, it may concern:

kBe it known that I, JOHN W. IPPERs, a citiand a resident of the city of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Photography, of which the folowin description and claims constitute the rocess and aresultin hoto a h.

p Figure 1 is a flat drvlring of a leaf made in very black ink and on ver white cardboard. Fig. 2 representsl a negative photograph on glass made in a camera from the drawing of Fig. 1. The leaf on that glass negative is clear, but it is not quite absolutely transparent, for it interce ts a very small roportion of the light whie 1 reaches it.y T e field of that negative is tinted, but it is translucent enough to transmit a large proportion of proportion may be one-third or more of the whole. Fig. 3 lrepresent's a positive photogralph on glass made from the glass negative of ig. 2. The leaf on that positive is as entirely' opaque as possible, while its field is as perfectl transparent as possible. Fig. 4 is a view W lich represents a articular appearance of a compound trans ucent photogra h composed of the negative of Fig. 2 and the positive of Fig. 3 fastened flatwise together is hel opposite with an effective Ldistance between them and with the photographic films of the negative and the positive op osite to each other. and with the clear leaf o the negative in accurate registration with'the opaque leaf of the positive. That particular Vappearance of the compound hotograph is presented When the ne ative si e of the compound photograph is he d o posite to the eyes and its positive side to a wall belowa window and when' the light coming through the window is not too strong. 'Fig. 5 is a horizontal section on the dotted line and on anenlarged scale of Fig. 4; Fig. 6 is a representation of an intaglio or negative photograph on glass made in aV camera, asherenafter indicated, form the compound photograph of Figs. 4 and 5. Fig. 7 is a view of a relief or positive photograph on glass or on paper made in a drawings.

-posed by uniting 6 and 7 when they are on glass are translucent enough to transmit about half of whatever light may seekto pass through them. Figs. 8, 9, and 10 are horizontal sections of modified forms of the compound photograph of Fig. 4. i

The new process of this invention is involved in each of several somewhat variant programs. I 'will now describe in detail the particular program Which' is illustrated by the Whatever design is to be the subject of a relief or an intaglio photograph is first made -in -deep unflraduated black on very white cardboar'd, t e particular design shown in the drawings being a leaf. The negative-glass pThotograph of Fig. 2 is made in the usual way om that drawing in any good camera, and the degree of clearness of its leaf and of the tinted translucency of its field are produced by means which'are well known to photographers for producing those results. The'positive-glass photograph of Fig. 3 is made in the usual way in a photographic-printing frame from the glass negative of Fig. 2, and the 'deep opacity of its leaf and the high transarency of its field are also produced by wellnown means. Those dry plates which are known as contrastf' plates on account of the fact that. they can photogra vhs showing strong contrasts are suitable for making the photograph of lfig. 2 and also that of Fig. 3 in different methods of exposure and dark part of the photograph is to be quite opaque, as in Fig. 3, or is to be tinted andI translucent, as in Fig.

The colnpound photograph of Fig. 4 is comthe negative photograph A of F ig. 2 with the positive photograph B of Fig. 3, with an air-space between them. This union is efl'ected by holding the positive photograph B in the position shown in Fig. 3 and by pasting or gluing strips of pasteboardy about' one-sixteenth of an inch thick, to its f borders and by turning the negative photograph A over upon its left-hand edge, as upon a hinge, and pasting oregluing its borders down upon the pasteboard strips in such a position that the clear leaf of the negative hotograph A will register with the opaque' eaf of the positive photograph B. The union of the two photographs may be made be developed into development, according as the permanent by binding their edges and the edges of the asteboard strips with cloth pasted or glue to their borders.

The compound photogra h of Fi s. 4 and 5 is a new article of manu acture, aving a new mode of operation and a new function. Its peculiar Characteristics are due to the distance between the films of its two parts. That distance may be occupied by air only, as in Fig. 5, or it may be occupied by glass or other trans arent material; but I prefer air to glass in tlaat place. Where glass occupies that distance, it may consist of a plain sheet oli; glass inserted between the negative A and t e of t e glass bases of the negative A and the positive B when the films thereof are on their outsides, as in Fig. 49, instead of on their insides, or it may sometimes consist of one of those bases without the other when one Iof the films is between the two .bases and the other film is on the outside of its base, as in Fig. 10.

The peculiar characteristics of the comi pound photograph of Figs. 4 -and 5 can be seen by holding it vertically at arm*s length in a room moderately li hted from one side and between the eyes an a wall of that room which is under its window and with its positive side turned toward that wall. In this position light coming through the window reaches the positive si'de of the compound photograph somewhat diagonally from above and causes the opaque leaf thereon to ca'st a shadow on the negative part, which shadow falls Wholly or mainly upon the clear leaf of the negative art; but that shadow does not register Wit the clear leaf of the ne ative art and its boundaries are raduate and mdefinite. Those portions o the clear leaf of the negative part which are not covered by that shadow appear to be li ht, while that portion which is covered by t at shadow is variably dark in ap earance and the borders of the shadow gra ually lighten off into the llight of the clear leaf of the negative part of the compound' hotograph. That photograph can be hel in such a position and such a li ht as that the shadow cast by the opaque lea of its positive part will appear to fall entirely within the clear leaf of its negative part, and that is the fact in res ect of the s ecimen represented by Fig. 4, or t e compoun photograph can be held in such a position and such a'light as that the shadow of the o que leaf of its ositive part, while falling malnly on the clear eaf of its ne ative part, will lap over upon the tinted fiel'of its negative part. In

either case that shadow combines with the clear leaf and with the tinted areas of the negative part of the compound photograph to present the appearance of a relief photograph, and the relief effect is rounded and artistic instead of being sharp and mechanical, as it would be if the two parts of the com- 1positive B, as in Fig. 8, or it may consistV pound hotograph had no distance between their fi ms, even if they had been fixed together out of registry with each other.

The peculiar rounded and artistic relief effect which appears in the compound photograph of Figs. 4 and 5 when it is viewed as above described cannot be re roduced by any drawing made in deep blacl with a pen, as Patent Office drawings must be made. Therefore Fig. 4 is said to represent the appearance of my compound photograph and is not said to reproduce that appearance. The graduated black dots on the leaf of Fig.

the eaf of my com ound photo raph, and the definitely-Outline but indefimtely inwardly extending white. border of the leaf of Fig. 4 represents a graduated structureless. light tint on the border-of the leaf of that photograph. That structureless gray and that structureless light tint combine to constitute a beautiful and softly rounded relief effect in my compound photograph.

The-intaglio glass photograph of Fig. 6 may be made in a camera from the compound photograph of Figs. 4 and 5 in the following manner: A camera is placed in the middle of a room, which is moderately lighted only at one side through a vertical window and with the axis of the camera pointing toward the outer wall of the room just below that window. The com ound photograph of Fi s. 4 and 5 is placed between the camera an the wall, With its negative side A next to the camera and with its positive side B opposite to the wall. A photogra hic. plate in the camera is then exposed to i ht coming from the com ound photograph ofFig. 4. The result of t at exposure is the potential production on that exposed 'photographic la'te of the intaglio negative photograph o Fig. 6 and that otential production is developed into actua ity in the usual method of developing exposed photographic plates.

The intaglio negative photograph of Fig. 6 results from the exposure of the photographic plate in the camera to light coming from the compound hotograph of Figs. 4 and 5, because the s adow east by the opa ue leaf of the positive part of that photograp upon the clear leaf of its negative part is photogra hed, together with the unshadowed border o that clear leaf, upon the exposed plate in the camera, and the resulting intaglio effect vis rounded and artistic instead of being Sharp and mechanical, because the edges of that shadow are indefinite and modulated instead of being abrupt and sharply defined.

- The relief or positive photo raph of Fig. 7 may be made on paper or on g ass in a photographic-printing frame or in a. camerafrom the intaglio or negative photograph of Fig. 6. That relief or positive photograph is one form of the result of my process. Another form of that result is an intaglio or negative pho- 4 represent graduated structureless grav on tograph on paper is wel ing the tinted field of a paper photograph instead of representing the tinted field of a' Glass hoto ra h, as it rimaril does.

.b Thgshadwlcast by fhe opaqi ie area of the positive part of the compound photograph upon its negative part and the consequent result of my process can be varied b varying the direction and the strength of t e light which falls upon the rear side of* the compound hotograph during the exposure thereto of t e photographic plate in the camera and also by varying the direction and the strength of the light between 'the compound late and the camera; but the light which alls upon the rear of the com ound plate must not come directly from t e sun'and must not come directly from the sky except when the sky is gray, and the light. be-

.tween the compound photograph and the camera must be weaker than'the light which falls upon the rear of that photograph. Both 'these areas of light may be composed of reflected rays or of diffused ra s of light and many beautiful Variations o result may be attained 'bymeans of Screens arranged near the compound photograph and adapted by their various combinations of positions to vary the lights and shadows in and onthe 'eompound photograph.

' Registration between the two parts of my compound photograph is not essential to its character nor necessary to my process or to its ultimate result, for that result can be at- .tained when those parts are somewhat out of registration; but in that case the .lighting Lwill re uire modified management or the result wi l be soinewhat modified in res ect of the strength and the direction of the s adow cast by the opa ue area of the positive part of the comp'oun photograph upon its negative part and in respect of the particular appearance of the relief or the inta lio of the ultimate photograph which resu ts from the process.

Deviation from registration between the two parts of my compound photograph is not essential to its character nor necessary to my process or to its ultimate result, for that result cannot be attained by such deviation alone nor be defeated by its absence. That result is dependent upon distance between the films of the two parts of my compound photograph and is not dependent upon registration or upon deviation from registration.

between the opaque-areas of the positive part and the clear areas of the negative part of that photograph. i

The width of the necessary distance be- V sia-748 'pound photograph should tween the films of the two parts of my come made to vary with varying circumstances, such as varying widths of the elements of the original drawing from which the negative part of that compound/ photograph is made. Good results will generally be obtained where that distance is about as great as the thickness of the glass of the photographic plates which compose the compound photograph, and which plates are generally about one-sixteenth of an inch thick. The distance in question must be great enough to enable the diffused li ht therein to enter the edges of the shadow w 'ch IIpasses therethrough from the opaque area o the positive part of the compound photograph to the clear area of the negative part thereof, and thus to make the outlines of that shadow appear graduated and indefinitev upon the negative side of that photograph; but that distance must not be great enough to cause that difused light to so far dissipate that shadow as to prevent it from producing' its modulated effect upon the negative side of the photogra h. Any distance which falls within these imits is suitable, and I define that suitable distance by specifying it as an effective distance, meaning thereby such a distance as will result'in making the outlines of the shadow graduated andfindefinite without dissipating ythe shadow entirely. The particular effective distance for each case can e ascertained by experiment with the negative and the positive photographs 'which are to be united with an effective distance be- IOO tween them. Having stated the princi les on which that ascertainment depends, do not think it necessary to confine my' specification or my cl-aims to any exact limit in this respect; but I think that one thirty-second of an inch is too little and that one-quarter of an inch is too large a distance between the two parts of my compound photograph except in unusual cases.

This invention is particularly applicable to photography as hotography is embodied in photomechanica printing. For example, a drawing may be made in black ink on white cardboardto contain the single leaf of Fig'l in connection with enough other leaves and vines to constitute a design which if multiplied will be available forprinting on silk or cotton fabric of a standard width and of an indefinite length. .Then the supposed drawin may be thus multiplied, photogra hieal y or otherwise, enough* times to enab e its resulting length to conform to the width of the fabric to be printed and to enable itsresulting width to conform to the circumference of a copper roller, which is to be used in printing' that fabric. Thereupon that drawing may betreated as this specification directs the drawing of Fig. 1 to be treated, as as far as the production of the relief photograph of Fig. 7 That relief photograph may then be used in the production of a developed making a thin photograph, having a tinted gelatin plate, according to my Patent No. 785,735, of March 28, 1905, and that developed gelatin plate may then be used according to the same patent in the production of an etched copper roller, and that etched co per roller may then be used according to t e same patent to print a reproduction or a representation of the said multiplied relief design on an indefinitely-long strip of silk or cotton cloth once for each revolution of the copper roller. Moreover, if that long strip of cloth is also to be printed with a background in a different color from that of the relief design that double rinting can be effected from the said muffiplied drawing, according to the process of the Reckard patent, No. 794,551, of July 11, 1905.

A variation of the above-described program of making the compound photograph of Figs. 4 and 5 consists in beginning With a drawing like that of Fig. 1, except' in having its leaf White and its ground black. In that case the first step consists in making the photograph of Fig. 3 from that drawing, and the next step consists in making the photograph-of Fi 2 from the photograph of Fig. 3. When t us made, the photograph of Fig. 3 may be called a negative instead of a positive, and the photograph of Fig. 2 may be called a positive instead of a negative; but the characters of the two photographs Will be the same as if that of Fig. 2 had been made from the drawing of Fi. 1 and as if that of Fig. 3 had been made from the photograph Fig. 2, and the two' photographs Will be united into the compound photograph of Figs. 4 and 5 in the same way as if they had been made in the order of their numbers.-

Whether the photogra hs of Figs. 2 and 3 are made in one order or t e other and Whichever of them is called a positive While the other is called a negative photograph they are always distinguishable by the fact that the opaque area of the photograph of Fig. 3 is much darker than the darkest area of the photograph of Fig. 2. For this reason such otograp s are specified in the followin c aims as a dense photograph and aI 'n photograph, respectively.

I claim as my invention- 1. The following-'process in photography:

area and a clear area: makin a counter-part dense photograph, having a c ear area and an opaque area: uniting those photographs into one structure, With their films separated by an effective distance, and With the clear area of its thin part, opposite to the opaquo area of its dense part: placinfr and holding that com ound photograph before a camera, with its't in side nearest the camera, and with its dense side exposed to moderate light, hut shielded from direct sunli ht and from oxcessive light: exposin a, otographic plate in the camera, to subue light coming t'rom that compound photograph: developing that exposed plate into an intaglio photograph: and making a relief photograph from that doveloped intaglio photograph; all substantially as described.

2. The following process inphotography: making a thin photograph, having a tinted area and a clear area: making a counterpart dense photograph, having a clear. area and an opaque area: uniting those photographs int o one structure, with their films separatod by an effective distance, and with the clear area of its thin part o posite to the opaque aroa ot' its dense part: p acing and holding that compound hotograph before a camera, with its thin si e nearest the camera, and with its dense side exposed to moderate light, but shielded from direct sunlight and from oxcessive light: exposing a hotographic plate in the camera, to subduet light coming from that compound hotograph; and developing that exposed p ate into an intaglio photograph; all substantially as described.

3. Acompound hotograph: composod ol' a thin photographli clear area, and of a count-erpart dense photograph, having a clear area and an opaquo area; the two photographs being placcd l latwise together, with the clear area of the thin photograph opposite to the opaque area ot' the dense photo raph, and With the films ot' the two arts o the compound photograph separated by an effective distance all substantially as described.

JOIIN W. IPPERS.

Witnesses:

ALBERT H. WALKER, HENRY L. REcKAnD.

aving a tinted area and a, 

